Semliki Forest virus (SFV) is a positive-stranded RNA virus (Atkins et al., 1999; Smithburn and Haddow, 1944). Proteolytic processing releases the RdRp (P4) which is targeted to membranes by a hydrophobic domain in P1 (i) The structural proteins (ii) synthesized as a second polyprotein (C,E2,6k,E1) are directed by ribosomes to the endoplasmic reticulum. Ann Arbor, MI 48108 The structure-based compounds were designed on the basis of the binding efficiency of the compounds to different pockets of nsP2 protease. Genetic material is enveloped in an icosahedral nucleocapsid. A fine dental drill is used for craniotomy and injections are performed according to coordinates described earlier (Paxinos & Watson, 1997). SECTION IX – REGULATORY AND OTHER INFORMATION. Semliki forest virus (SFV) RNA replicons have been developed to propagate in membrane vesicles. The wound is stitched and animals are kept warm for 3–4 h postsurgery. PRIMARY HAZARDS: Accidental inoculation with needle containing infectious material and inhalation of aerosols (5). Note: All diagnostic methods are not necessarily available in all countries. Introduction: Semliki Forest virus Description of Semliki Forest virus. Newly discovered hazards are frequent and this information may not be completely up to date. Plasma collected at the onset of pyrexia of suspected equine cases is the specimen of choice for laboratory diagnosis. Another study on the homology modeling on CHIKV nsP2 protease and virtual screening with around 5 million compounds identified 26 hits that could be effective against CHIKV (Bassetto et al., 2013). Epidemics often occur during the rainy season when the population of Aedes aegypti is highest. The mammalian alphaviruses, for example, Semliki Forest virus (SFV), Sindbis virus (SINV), and the rubivirus rubella virus are members of the ‘Togavividae’ and encode a single polyprotein called nsp1234 that contains the helicase, methytransferase, and RdRp. During the acute phase of infection they are indistinguishable from those of malaria, influenza, or other febrile illnesses (3, 8). ZOONOSIS: Yes, indirectly via mosquitoes (1, 2, 5, 7, 8, 10). When symptoms are present they are mild. By light microscopy (LM) the proteins were localized at 15 °C to scattered globular structures in the cytoplasm, a pattern distinct from that of ER or Golgi (Kuismanen and Saraste, 1989). PHYSICAL INACTIVATION: SVF can be inactivated by UV light (11) and at pH below 6.0 (11, 12). Two other cases of infections with the Semliki Forest virus were reported; neither was fatal (5, 14). Naturally, the amount of SFV particles administered depends to some extent on the gene of interest, but for example evaluation of β-gal expression indicated that 105 SFV particles are optimal for injection into the striatum, amygdala, and cortex, whereas 107 SFV particles have been administered to the ventricles (Lundstrom, Richards, et al., 1999). Nature killer cells in the central nervous system. Semliki Forest virus (SFV) vectors transduce a broad range of mammalian and non-mammalian cells, generating high levels of transient expression of heterologous proteins. (b) Spherules generated in mitochondria by flock house virus. Scientific Name: Semliki Forest virus [TAX:11033] Lineage: Viruses; Riboviria; Orthornavirae; Kitrinoviricota; Alsuviricetes; Martellivirales; Togaviridae; Alphavirus Inhibition of human lung carcinoma cell growth by apoptosis induction using Semliki Forest virus recombinant particles. Toll free: 1.888.362.2007, VelocityEHS | Humantech Toll free: 1.866.919.7922, Canada VelocityEHS®, MSDSonline® and Humantech® are proprietary trademarks of VelocityEHS. CHARACTERISTICS: Family Togaviridae, Genus Alphavirus (6, 7). Outbreaks have occurred in regions of Africa, but no other fatalities have been reported. As outlined in this site’s Terms of Use, MSDSonline is not responsible for the accuracy, content or any aspect of the information contained therein. All rights reserved. We use cookies to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content and ads. Spherules can be generated from many different membrane-bound organelles. During an epidemic, a large fraction of the susceptible human population may contract the disease. When symptoms are present they are mild. During explosive epidemics in urban areas of Africa and Asia, Aedes aegypti is the vector and human–mosquito–human cycles maintain the virus. Semliki Forest virus (SFV), a neurotropic virus, has been used to deliver heterologous genes into cells in vitro and in vivo. VelocityEHS Earns Highest Scores for Industrial Hygiene and Ergonomics in New Green Quadrant Report from Independent Analyst Firm, GHS/HazCom: Preparing for Upcoming Changes, Australia Begins Transition to GHS Revision 7. SECTION III - DISSEMINATION. Nonstructural protein 3 (Nsp3) is an essential subunit of the alphavirus RNA replication complex, although its specific function(s) has yet to be well defined. When present, symptoms include headache, fever, myalgia and athrolgia. SURVEILLANCE: Monitor for symptoms. Unlimited SDS Searches, 5 FREE Downloads, No Credit Card. Getah virus, which is closely related to Ross River virus, is relatively widely distributed, extending from Russia to South and Far Eastern Asia, the Pacific islands, and Australia. Depletion of NK cells significantly delayed the mean time to death but did not prevent mortality in SFV-infected B6 mice suggesting that cytolytic activity of NK cells is detrimental, while IFN-γ production is beneficial for recovery from SFV infection (Alsharifi et al., 2006). Live cell imaging of green fluorescent protein (GFP) equipped with an ER targeting signal (ssGFP) and EM studies of procollagen and growth hormone constructs verified that the transport of membrane and secretory proteins is similarly affected at 15–16 °C (Blum et al., 2000; Volchuk et al., 2000; Trucco et al., 2004). Virus isolation can be accomplished using a variety of cell cultures, although more convenient and rapid RT-PCR assays have been described. Lukas C. Kapitein, ... Casper C. Hoogenraad, in Methods in Cell Biology, 2010, SFV plasmid system: pSFV2 and pSFV-Helper2, 1.5 ml sterile and RNAse-free Eppendorf tubes, Phenol/chloroform/isoamylalcohol 25:24:1 (P-2069; Sigma), Roche Sp6 transcription kit containing Sp6 RNA polymerase and 10 × transcription buffer, rNTP mix, 10–50 U/μl Rnase inhibitor (999644), 10 mM m7G (5′)ppp(5′)G (904988; Roche), 50 mM dithiothreitol (DTT) (197777; Roche), Opti-MEM I reduced serum medium (1 ×) with l-glutamine (31985047; Invitrogen), DMRIE-C reagent 2 mg/ml (10459-014; Invitrogen), 40–60 units α-chymotrypsin (C4129; Sigma), 100 mg Aprotinin (4511388; Amersham Pharmacia Biotech), 0.22 μm 33 mm Millipore filters (SLGSO 3355; Millipore), Ultracentrifuge with SW41Ti rotor and ultra clear SW41Ti centrifuge tubes 13.2 ml 14 × 89 mm (344059; Beckman Coulter), 40 mM HNE buffer (pH 7.4): 40 mM HEPES, 138.5 mM NaCl, 0.1 mM EGTA, and adjust pH with 4 M NaOH. MeSH information. Semliki Forest Virus. For example, cobalt usage in the protease activity assay of CHIKV nsP2 enhances enzymatic activity using 1/2 substrate, while it decreases enzymatic activity with 2/3 substrate. Investigated vectors include vaccinia virus strain Wyeth and vaccinia virus Ankara, Lee, Cho, et al., 2015; Lee, Yoon, et al., 2015, Davidson, Faulkner, et al., 2004; Davidson, McGibbon, et al., 2004, Electron microscopic (EM) studies using a temperature-sensitive mutant of, Structure and Function of Alphavirus Proteases. Possibly present in central and southern Europe (10). This MSDS / PSDS document, provided by Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC), is offered here as a FREE public service to visitors of MSDSonline. Stainless steel injectors are attached to a stereotactic holder and the needle is lowered into the target area. A number of PIs were tested to inhibit the nsP2 protease activity of SFV (Vasiljeva, 2001). Male Wistar rats are stereotactically microinjected under general anesthesia with ketamine/xylazine (200/10 mg/kg i.p.) The patient had a history of compromised immune system. Virions have an approximate diameter of 50-70 nm and contain one positive stranded RNA molecule. PATHOGEN SAFETY DATA SHEET - INFECTIOUS SUBSTANCES, SYNONYM OR CROSS REFERENCE: SFV (1-3), Old World Alphavirus (4), Semliki Forest Fever (5). Semliki forest virus. Mayaro-Semliki Forest Virus Disease (Mayaro Semliki Forest Virus Disease): Read more about Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment, Complications, Causes and Prognosis. Although the information, opinions and recommendations contained in this Pathogen Safety Data Sheet are compiled from sources believed to be reliable, we accept no responsibility for the accuracy, sufficiency, or reliability or for any loss or injury resulting from the use of the information. MODE OF TRANSMISSION: Transmitted mainly by mosquito bites (1, 2, 5, 7, 8, 10). Allow sufficient contact time before clean up (16). Alphaviruses belong to group IV of the Baltimore classification of viruses, with a positive-sense, single-stranded RNA genome. Getah virus is also the cause of abortion in pigs, and wild boar may play an important role in maintaining the virus in its enzootic cycle. Formation of spherules during replication of alphaviruses. DISPOSAL: Decontamination using steam sterilization, chemical disinfection, or incineration must be performed before disposal of infectious waste (16). Source: Diseases Database Semliki Forest virus: isolated from mosquitoes in the Semliki Forest, Uganda; pathogenic for laboratory animals and man. Many of these islands are popular tourist destinations, and many cases were imported into Europe. Efficient local reporter gene expression (β-gal) is obtained after stereotactic injections into striatum and amygdala (Lundstrom, Richards, et al., 1999). In this model, NK cells and, to a lesser degree, cytotoxic T cells are major contributors in combating SFV infection. The inhibitor should possess an aromatic ring with one hydrophobic and three H-bond–donating sites. Assembly of replicase proteins induces membrane curvature and invagination forming a spherule (iii). Toll free: 1.866.919.7922. PATHOGENICITY/TOXICITY: Most infections caused by the Semliki Forest Virus (SFV) are asymptomatic or very mild (3). The nsP2 protease was completely resistant to PMSF (serine PI), pepstatin (aspartic PI), EDTA (metalloPI), and even the cysteine PIs: E-64 and leupeptin. The envelope contains 80 spikes, each spike are trimer of E1/E2 proteins. In each case the spherules are of similar size and contain approximately 100 copies of the replicase protein packed along the inner membrane surface (Kopek et al., 2007). The primary mosquito vector was Aedes albopictus or Aedes aegypti, depending upon the location, both of which are also efficient vectors for dengue virus. Recombinant Semliki forest virus infects and kills human prostate cancer cell lines and prostatic duct epithelial cells ex vivo. Descriptors are arranged in a hierarchical structure, which enables searching at various levels of specificity. RISK GROUP CLASSIFICATION: Risk Group 2 (15). Information and translations of semliki forest virus in the most comprehensive dictionary definitions resource on the web. The acute phase lasts 2-4 days and is followed by a long period marked by weakness. Rare symptoms of abdominal pain, diarrhea, and conjunctivitis have been reported. "Semliki forest virus" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings). CONTAINMENT REQUIREMENTS: Containment Level 2 facilities, equipment, and operational practices for work involving infectious or potentially infectious materials, animals, or cultures. Peränen J(1), Takkinen K, Kalkkinen N, Kääriäinen L. Author information: (1)Recombinant DNA Laboratory, University of … Donatella Panatto, ... Roberto Gasparini, in Advances in Protein Chemistry and Structural Biology, 2015. (a) The alphaviruses encode a single polyprotein called nsp1234 that contains the helicase, methytransferase, and RdRp. Likewise, different PIs were also tested for the CHIKV nsP2 protease inhibition activity using all three different substrates (Saisawang et al., 2015a). ScienceDirect ® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. ScienceDirect ® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. The specific essential functions of nsP3 remain unknown, but it is known to be phosphorylated on serine and threonine residues. The ‘Togaviridae’ generate large ‘cytopathic vacuoles’ with 50 nm diameter invaginations called spherules aligned along the inside face of the vacuole. The pathway by which semliki forest virus (SFV), a membrane-containing animal virus, enters BHK-21 cells was studied morphologically and biochemically. TG4011 is vaccine based on MVA encoding HPV-16 E6 and E7 and recombinant human IL-2 (MVA-HPV-IL2). << What Song Is This,
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